The occurrence of copy number variations (CNVs) has been confirmed on the Y chromosome in horses. However, the copy numbers (CNs) of Equus caballus Y chromosome (ECAY) genes are largely unknown. This study aimed to demonstrate the copy number variations of Y chromosome genes in horses. Therefore, the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method was applied to measure the CNVs of eight Y chromosome specific genes from 14 different Chinese horse breeds.

Effects of miRNA polymorphisms on phenotypic traits have been studied in several species but much less in cattle. We tested the association between polymorphisms of bta-miR-2313 and growth and carcass traits in the Slovenian Simmental cattle breed and developed an atlas of miRNA regulatory elements. Bta-miR-2313 warrants further functional analysis since it overlaps with several QTL, has over 3100 predicted targets, and is located within GRAMD1B, associated with production traits in cattle.

This study was conducted to determine inner egg quality characteristics using external egg quality characteristics and to select variables in order to obtain the simplest model using ridge, LASSO and elastic net. The goodness of fit values of the regression estimating equations for egg yolk weight were 58.34 %, 59.17 % and 59.11 % using the ridge, LASSO and elastic net methods, respectively; for egg albumen weight they were 75.60 % for ridge, 75.94 % for LASSO and 75.81 % for elastic net.

Glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel production, is non-toxic to humans and environment. With the increase in demand for fuels obtained from biomass, the amount of glycerine waste increases. There are many ways to dispose it (pharmaceutical, cosmetics and chemical industry), but its utilization is still insufficient. Due to the fact that glycerine is a safe, cheap and easy to apply substance, the possibility of using it on a large scale in the aspect of chicken eggs storage seems to be possible.

The study was carried out to investigate the effects of Camelina and hempseed cakes in the diets of ducks on the intramuscular fatty acid profile. Our study showed that supplementing Camelina cake in duck diets makes it possible to develop functional food, i.e. meat with a significantly higher content of ALA, total n-3 PUFA and the lowest ratios of n-6 / n-3 fatty acids in muscles. Duck diet with hempseed cake produces exceptional quality meat with an enriched content of n-6 GLA.

This study aims to investigate the screening of leptin genetic polymorphism and its effect on lameness prevalence. Prevalence of lameness was evaluated and results showed that genotypes and other factors included in the logistic regression model significantly affect the prevalence of lameness in Holstein cows (P < 0.01). The probability of lameness incidence varied between 37 % and 99 % with parity. This recorded incidence is greater in winter and autumn than in the summer and spring.

An effective DNA marker-assisted selection would speed up the development and improvement of goat products. The objective of this work was to explore novel indel (insertion/deletion) variations and their associations with growth traits in three native Chinese goat breeds. Results showed that the goat ATBF1 gene had marked effects on growth traits and the growth-trait-related loci, which would contribute to improving the growth-related traits of local breeds in the goat industry.

We identified a genetic polymorphism in Mucin13 gene affecting E. coli adhesion patterns using (local isolate) diarrhoeagenic E. coli in Indian desi pigs. Five SNPs and one indel previously reported to be associated with an ETEC F4ab/ac adhesion pattern were examined by designing PCR-RFLP protocol. The genotypic frequencies of only one SNP (g.22304A > G) differed significantly (at P < 0.05) in an adhesive, non-adhesive and weakly adhesive population.

As we all know, genes often influence physiological functions of animal organisms such as reproduction, growth, and development. This study explored a novel insertion of paired-like homeodomain 2 (PITX2) gene, and many methods of statistical analysis were used to evaluate their associations with traits of goats. Results indicated that this insertion was significantly associated with litter size, body length, and chest width of goats.

The effects of hypoxia at increased altitude levels on the cardio-respiratory development of broiler embryos are distinct in comparison with those at sea level. The study aim was to investigate the effects of high incubation temperature and oxygen supplementation during hypoxic high altitude at different embryonic stages of developmental and physiological traits of embryos and hatching performance of embryonated hatching eggs in broilers. A total of 1280 eggs obtained from broilers.

In our study, we attempted to introduce a new device for optimizing sperm-mediated gene transfer. We utilized X-tremeGENE™ HP reagent from the Roche company in bovines, and one-third of total spermatozoa were transfected. We also examined the effect of DMSO on increasing the efficiency of the sperm/DNA transfer to oocytes via IVF. We examined these two reagents in bovine spermatozoa for the first time, which can be considered as the novelty of our work together with its originality.

The aim of the study was to analyse the sex ratio of American mink litters in relation to dam's age, gestation length, and time interval between the first and second mating. The observations were carried out on a mink farm located in northern Poland.

The results of digestive tract morphometry and breast muscle microstructure in P9, K2, and KhO1 ducks after two reproductive seasons were presented for the first time. Duck genotype had a significant effect on body weight, body length, length of the intestine and its segments, and some other internal organ traits. The different origin of the birds had no influence on the microstructural characteristics of the superficial pectoral muscle, except for perimysium and endomysium thickness.